U.S. Intelligence on Europe, 1945-1995

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• Nuclear weapons x
• 2 1968 nuclear weapons test series
• 1 280mm artillery
• 1 A.Q. Khan Network
• 1 Academy of Science
• 2 Accord permitting GLCM basing in the Netherlands
• 1 ADM
• 13 AEDS
• 1 Aegean developments
• 9 Aerial reconnaissance
• 14 AFTAC
• 1 Aftermath of French military revolt
• 18 Air attache
• 1 Air bases
• 2 Air corridors
• 1 Aircraft
• 1 Aircraft carrier Clemenceau
• 2 Aircraft transit rights
• 1 Air defenses
• 3 Airdrops
• 2 Airfields
• 4 Air sampling mission
• 2 Air sampling missions
• 2 Airspace restrictions
• 5 Air Weather Service
• 63 Algeria
• 1 Algerian debate
• 1 Alleged diversion of computers to French nuclear weapons lab
• 1 Ambassador Dillon
• 2 American surface ships operating off Mururoa
• 1 Anglo-French nuclear cooperation
• 1 Anti-submarine warfare
• 1 Arnold Kramish
• 1 Asension Island
• 1 Assistance from other countries
• 1 Atmospheric nuclear testing
• 1 Atomic bombs
• 1 Atomic demolition munitions
• 1 Atomic energy
• 7 Atomic Energy Commission
• 12 Atomic energy detection system
• 1 Atomic energy program
• 2 Atomic stockpile agreement
• 2 Atomic weapons
• 1 Availability of nuclear weapons
• 1 Availability of uranium
• 13 Ballistic missiles
• 1 Ballistic missile submarine
• 1 Ballistic missile submarines
• 5 Belgium
• 1 Ben Bella
• 2 Berlin
• 2 Berlin Air Safety Center
• 2 Berlin situation
• 1 Bertrand Goldschmidt
• 1 Billotte
• 1 Bombers
• 1 Bomb groups
• 1 Bordeaux-Merignac plant
• 1 Bordj in Eker
• 1 British, German and Italian peace movements
• 2 British government
• 1 British nuclear doctrine
• 1 British nuclear weapons program
• 1 Buchalet
• 1 Budgetary cutbacks on nuclear spending
• 1 Budget documents
• 3 Burden to French economy
• 1 Cakmakli
• 3 CEA
• 1 Centre d’Etudes de Vaujours
• 1 Charles de Gaulle
• 10 Charles De Gaulle
• 1 China
• 1 Christmas Island
• 1 CIA objections to UK intelligence sharing
• 1 Circumvention of controls
• 1 Clandestine intelligence
• 1 Collaboration with France
• 1 Colomb-Bechar
• 1 Colonel Wennerstrom
• 1 Commisariat a l’Energie Atomique
• 1 Common Market entry
• 1 Complete reorganization of French army
• 1 Condemnation
• 1 Construction activities
• 2 Construction activity
• 2 Construction costs
• 1 Construction delays
• 1 Construction errors
• 1 Construction of nuclear powerplants
• 1 Construction problems
• 1 Contingency plans
• 1 Control and use arrangements
• 1 Control Data Corporation
• 1 Converting NATO allies
• 1 Cooperation with NATO
• 1 Coordination of effort
• 1 Cost pf French nuclear weapons program
• 6 Costs
• 1 Costs of French nuclear program
• 3 Counterintelligence
• 1 Couve
• 2 Cruise missiles
• 1 Crux of problem
• 1 Current nuclear forces and policies
• 1 Current status
• 1 Custodial detachments
• 2 Custodial units
• 1 Custody of nuclear weapons
• 1 Cyprus
• 1 Czechoslovakia
• 1 Daily intelligence summary
• 1 Dangers of French program
• 3 Danish government
• 1 Danish prime minister informed privately
• 1 Data on latest French nuclear test
• 4 Date of next nuclear test
• 2 Date of next test
• 1 Declining public support
• 1 Declining strength
• 1 Defense budget
• 1 Defense policy
• 7 De Gaulle
• 1 De Gaulle trip to Algeria
• 1 Delay
• 1 Delivery capability
• 2 Delivery systems
• 4 Denmark
• 1 Department of Commerce export license
• 1 Department of Defense
• 1 Deployment to French army artillery regiments
• 1 Deployment to Turkey
• 2 Destruction of weapons
• 1 Deterrent to French nuclear ambitions
• 2 Dien Bien Phu
• 1 Difficulties building
• 1 Difficulty supporting Mururoa test center
• 2 Diffusion of nuclear weapons is inevitable
• 1 Diffusion plant
• 6 Dimona
• 1 Dimona nuclear reactor
• 3 Diplomatic clearance
• 3 Diplomatic note
• 1 Diplomatic relations
• 1 Diplomatic reporting
• 1 Disagreements over tactics
• 1 Disarmament
• 1 Disarmament agreement
• 1 Discussion with Eisenhower
• 1 Disloyal groups
• 1 Dissidents
• 1 Domestic opposition
• 3 Donald MacLean
• 1 Drought
• 1 Dutch and Belgian antinuclear groups gaining strength
• 2 Dutch government
• 1 Earmarks for French forces
• 2 Eastern Europe
• 2 Economic costs to build atomic weapons
• 1 Economic impact
• 1 Effectiveness of French strategic nuclear forces
• 1 Eisenhower
• 1 Electromagnetic separation
• 1 Emergency destruction plan
• 2 End of French nuclear test series
• 1 End of French on-site assistance
• 4 Enriched uranium
• 1 Enriched uranium for submarines
• 1 Equipment purchases
• 1 Equipment shortages
• 5 Espionage
• 1 Espionage requirements
• 1 Estimate of capabilities
• 2 EURATOM
• 1 European nuclear diffusion
• 1 European policy
• 1 European public opposition to INF deployments
• 1 European support
• 1 Evacuation
• 4 Exchange of information
• 1 Exchange of nuclear weapons design information
• 1 Exchange of views with U.S.
• 1 Expanded exchange of information
• 1 Expanded nuclear research
• 1 Expanded nuclear testing
• 1 Export controls
• 1 Extraordinary security precautions
• 1 F-100 fighter bombers
• 1 F-104 fighters
• 1 Facilities in Polynesia
• 7 Fangatofa
• 1 Fighter bombers
• 4 Fiji
• 1 Financial outlays
• 1 First underground nuclear test
• 1 Fissionable materials
• 2 Fission weapons
• 2 Flight restructions
• 1 Florennes
• 2 Force de dissuasion
• 4 Force de frappe
• 4 Force de Frappe
• 1 Forced landing on Tahiti
• 1 Foreign policy of their own making
• 241 France
• 1 France and the Western alliance
• 1 France-NATO military relationships
• 1 France wants a nuclear weapon
• 1 Franco-American scientific cooperation
• 1 Franco-Israeli nuclear relations
• 1 Frederic Joliot-Curie
• 1 French air crews
• 1 French air force
• 1 French Atomic Energy Agency
• 3 French Atomic Energy Commission
• 1 French ballistic missile program
• 1 French control of nuclear weapons
• 1 French demands
• 1 French developing IRBMs
• 1 French developing nuclear weapon
• 1 French forces in Germany
• 3 French Foreign Ministry
• 1 French Foreign Office
• 4 French foreign policy
• 1 French gaseous diffusion plant
• 1 French general staff
• 1 French go their own way
• 3 French government
• 1 French government conditions
• 2 French government policy
• 1 French hydrogen bomb
• 2 French independent nuclear force
• 2 French military
• 1 French Minister of Defense
• 1 French naval task force
• 1 French navy
• 1 French need U.S. economic assistance
• 1 French nuclear capabilities
• 1 French nuclear capability
• 1 French nuclear delivery systems
• 1 French nuclear delivery vehicles
• 1 French nuclear strategy
• 1 French nuclear testing history
• 1 French nuclear test sites
• 1 French nuclear weapons capabilities
• 1 French nuclear weapons policy
• 5 French nuclear weapons program
• 1 French plans
• 1 French plutonium production
• 57 French Polynesia
• 2 French press reporting
• 1 French reappraising policies towards U.S.
• 1 French scientist
• 1 French space research activities
• 1 French strike force
• 1 French technicians
• 1 French thermonuclear weapons program
• 2 French too inexperienced
• 1 FROG ballistic missiles
• 4 Future nuclear weapons tests
• 1 Future problems and options
• 1 Future weapons developments
• 2 Gaseous diffusion
• 8 Gaseous diffusion plant
• 1 General Ailleret
• 4 General Buchalet
• 1 General Earle Partridge
• 1 General Lemnitzer
• 1 General Massu
• 3 General Norstad
• 2 Georges Bidault
• 2 Georges Pompidou
• 1 German government
• 1 German question
• 1 German role in NATO nuclear matters
• 1 German security interests
• 7 Germany
• 1 Giscard D’Estaing
• 1 GLCM
• 1 Government policy
• 1 Graphite pile
• 29 Great Britain
• 2 Greece
• 4 Greenland
• 2 Ground Launched Cruise Missile
• 1 Growing gray market in nuclear materials
• 2 Guy Burgess
• 1 Hadera
• 2 Hans van Mierlo
• 2 Heavy water
• 2 Henry Kissinger
• 1 History of British nuclear weapons program
• 1 Honest John missile
• 1 Huge policy difference between Washington and Paris on political issues
• 40 HUMINT
• 1 Hydroacoustic intelligence
• 1 Illegal sales of nuclear technology to Pakistan
• 1 Implications of Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
• 1 Increased spending on nuclear forces
• 1 Independent French nuclear capacity
• 3 Independent French nuclear force
• 2 Independent nuclear deterrent force
• 6 Independent nuclear force
• 1 Independent nuclear forces
• 1 Independent nuclear posture
• 2 Indochina
• 1 In Eker
• 9 In Ekker
• 1 Inflation
• 1 Information exchange
• 1 Information exchange with Turkish military
• 1 Information sharing
• 1 Inonu
• 1 Inopportune timing
• 1 Inspected by French authorities
• 4 Inspection report
• 1 Intelligence advance warning
• 1 Intelligence analysis
• 3 Intelligence assessment
• 1 Intelligence collection requirements on new tests
• 7 Intelligence estimate
• 5 Intelligence exchange
• 6 Intelligence facilities
• 1 Intelligence information
• 4 Intelligence report
• 1 Intelligence reporting
• 1 Intelligence reports
• 1 Intelligence requirements on nuclear tests
• 1 Intelligence sharing
• 1 Inter-communal talks
• 1 Involvement of French government
• 4 IRBM
• 4 IRBMs
• 1 Isenberg
• 9 Israel
• 1 Israeli nuclear weapons capability
• 4 Italy
• 1 Joint Chiefs of Staff
• 2 Joop den Uyl
• 2 Jupiter missiles
• 1 Key personalities
• 3 Klaus Fuchs
• 1 Kleine Brogel
• 1 Konrad Adenauer
• 1 Kuklinski
• 1 Lack of strategic warning
• 1 Land purchases
• 3 Le Monde
• 1 Libya
• 1 Limited financial resources
• 1 Limited Test Ban Treaty
• 1 Little chance of political accommodation
• 1 Long-range bombers
• 1 Loopholes in nuclear export regulations
• 2 Low-yield atomic explosion
• 1 Low-yield device
• 1 Low-yield weapons
• 1 Luftwaffe
• 1 Lunch on French aircraft carrier FOCH
• 1 Luxembourg
• 2 Majority of Dutch oppose nuclear basing in Netherlands
• 1 Mali
• 1 Malta
• 3 Manhattan Project
• 2 Marcoule
• 1 Mark 9 nuclear weapons
• 1 MASINT
• 1 Materials production
• 1 Max van der Stoel
• 1 McCone
• 1 Megatonnage
• 2 Messmer
• 1 Military and space programs
• 2 Military bases
• 1 Military budget
• 1 Military effectiveness
• 2 Military exercises
• 1 Military nuclear matters
• 1 Ministry of Science
• 1 Mirage fighters
• 4 Mirage IV
• 4 Mirage IV bomber
• 4 Mirage IV bombers
• 1 MIRV
• 1 Missile launchers
• 1 Missiles
• 1 Missile technology
• 1 Missile tests
• 1 Modernization
• 1 Modernizing the Swiss military
• 1 More nuclear tests
• 1 Mozambique
• 1 MRBM
• 2 MRBMs
• 1 MRCA
• 1 Multilateral nuclear force
• 1 Multi-Role Combat Aircraft
• 59 Mururoa
• 1 National elections
• 1 National Security Action Memorandum
• 1 National Security Agency
• 1 National Security Council
• 2 National Security Study Memorandum
• 12 NATO
• 3 NC-135A reconnaissance aircraft
• 1 Need for U.S. technological assistance
• 1 Negotiated settlement
• 6 Negotiations
• 6 Netherlands
• 1 Neutron bomb
• 1 Nevada Test Site
• 1 New authorization required
• 1 New nuclear test site
• 1 New round of French nuclear tests
• 4 New test site
• 1 New Zealand
• 7 Next nuclear weapons tests
• 4 Next test date
• 1 Niger
• 1 No comment from French government
• 1 No decision made to build a bomb
• 1 No evidence
• 1 No French-German collaboration
• 1 No nuclear tests this year
• 1 No press reporting
• 1 No publicity of any kind
• 1 No reliable evidence
• 1 Norstad opposition
• 2 Norway
• 6 NOTAM
• 1 No U.S. assistance
• 1 Noumea
• 1 NSAM 294
• 1 NSC
• 1 Nuclear artillery
• 1 Nuclear assistance to South Africa
• 1 Nuclear capabilities
• 1 Nuclear cooperation
• 9 Nuclear delivery systems
• 2 Nuclear delivery vehicles
• 1 Nuclear deterrent
• 1 Nuclear energy
• 1 Nuclear facilities
• 1 Nuclear fallout detection network
• 1 Nuclear fuel
• 2 Nuclear materials
• 1 Nuclear planning
• 1 Nuclear power
• 1 Nuclear production and research centers
• 9 Nuclear proliferation
• 1 Nuclear reactor
• 1 Nuclear reactor construction
• 9 Nuclear reactors
• 1 Nuclear release authority and British military commanders
• 1 Nuclear sales
• 1 Nuclear security
• 1 Nuclear sharing
• 3 Nuclear storage sites
• 1 Nuclear strategic deterrent
• 1 Nuclear strategy
• 1 Nuclear submarine
• 1 Nuclear submarine program
• 2 Nuclear submarines
• 1 Nuclear targeting intelligence
• 2 Nuclear test
• 2 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
• 10 Nuclear test detection
• 41 Nuclear testing
• 14 Nuclear testing plans
• 1 Nuclear test site
• 3 Nuclear warheads
• 1 Nuclear warheads for French delivery systems
• 1 Nuclear weapon ready
• 1 Nuclear weapons custodial arrangements
• 1 Nuclear weapons deployments
• 1 Nuclear weapons deployment to Britain
• 1 Nuclear weapons development
• 1 Nuclear weapons doctrine
• 1 Nuclear weapons fabrication and storage
• 2 Nuclear weapons production
• 1 Nuclear weapons research
• 1 Nuclear weapons security
• 1 Nuclear weapons stockpile
• 14 Nuclear weapons storage sites
• 1 Nuclear weapons storage sites in Turkey
• 1 Nuclear weapons support of French air force
• 2 Nuclear weapons test
• 6 Nuclear weapons test detection
• 88 Nuclear weapons testing
• 12 Nuclear weapons tests
• 1 Nuclear weapon storage sites
• 1 Nuclear weapons training
• 2 Nuclear yield
• 2 Open-source intelligence
• 1 Operational atomic weapons capability
• 1 Operational shortcomings
• 3 Opposed to nuclear sharing with France
• 3 Overflights
• 1 Overflights of Peru
• 1 Pacific nuclear test center
• 1 Pago Pago
• 1 Pakistan
• 1 Pakistani purchase of French nuclear reprocessing plant
• 1 Panama
• 1 Papandreou
• 1 Papeete
• 1 Parliamentary hearings
• 1 Patterns of nuclear spending
• 1 Paul Nitze
• 1 Peaceful nuclear explosions
• 1 Penetration aids
• 1 Permit French nuclear testing in Nevada
• 3 Pershing II missile
• 1 Personnel
• 1 Personnel recruitment problems
• 4 PHOTINT
• 4 Photographic intelligence
• 4 Pierrelatte
• 1 Pierrelatte gaseous diffusion plant
• 4 Pierrelatte incident
• 3 Pierre Messmer
• 1 Pierre Pelen
• 1 Pineau
• 4 Pitcairn Island
• 5 Plutonium
• 2 Plutonium production
• 3 Plutonium stockpile
• 2 Plutonium weapon
• 1 Pluton tactical nuclear missile system
• 1 Polaris missile
• 1 Polaris submarines
• 2 Policy issues
• 1 Policy towards Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
• 1 Policy towards U.S.
• 1 Political considerations
• 1 Political issues
• 1 Political pressure
• 2 Portugal
• 1 Poseidon missiles
• 1 Poseidon submarines
• 1 Positive control
• 1 Postponement of GLCM deployment
• 1 Potential IRBM sites
• 1 Potential nuclear countries
• 2 Preelection outlook
• 1 Preemptive nuclear strike
• 1 Presence of USNS Richfield
• 1 Presidential approval
• 1 President John F. Kennedy
• 11 Press reporting
• 1 Pressure from Latin American countries
• 1 Prestige
• 1 Prestige considerations
• 1 Prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information
• 1 Prime minister
• 1 Prime Minister Balsemao
• 1 Prime Minister Erlander
• 1 Prime Minister Mollet
• 1 Problems at Pierrelatte
• 1 Production of nuclear weapons
• 1 Project Plowshare
• 1 Project QUICK DIP
• 2 Project SKIN DIVER
• 1 Prototype tactical nuclear weapons
• 1 Provide IRBMs
• 1 Public opposition
• 1 Radiation danger zones
• 3 Radioactive fallout
• 1 Rambouillet meeting
• 1 RB-57 reconnaissance aircraft
• 1 Reactor producing plutonium
• 4 Reactors
• 1 Reduced spending on conventional forces
• 1 Reentry vehicles
• 1 Reentry vehicles and nuclear warheads
• 2 Refusal to allow US nuclear weapons in France
• 39 Reggane
• 1 Reject acquisition of nuclear weapons
• 1 Release procedures
• 2 Reliable source
• 13 Reliable sources
• 1 Republic of Kazakhstan
• 1 Request for U.S. assistance
• 1 Requests to Great Britain
• 1 Rescind French access to nuclear weapons data
• 13 Research and development
• 1 Research and development program
• 1 Research facilities
• 1 Resource shortages
• 1 Restricted areas
• 1 Restricted Data
• 3 Restrictions on photographic reconnaissance flights
• 1 Restrictions on U.S. assistance to France
• 1 Results of nuclear tests
• 2 Right to acquire nuclear weapons
• 1 Rising costs
• 2 Ruud Lubbers
• 3 SACEUR
• 1 Saclay
• 1 Safety arrangements
• 6 Safety of American ships around Mururoa
• 1 Safety precautions
• 1 Safety rules
• 1 Sahara
• 1 Schedule of French nuclear tests
• 1 Schedule of nuclear tests
• 1 Schedule of upcoming nuclear tests
• 1 Scientific attache
• 4 Scientific intelligence report
• 1 Scud ballistic missiles
• 1 Second and final warning
• 2 Second Chamber of Parliament
• 8 Secret source
• 13 Secret sources
• 1 Secret US-French discussions
• 1 Security safeguards
• 3 Seismic intelligence
• 1 Seismic stations
• 1 Selwyn Lloyd
• 1 Senate Foreign Relations Committee
• 1 Senator Symington
• 1 Sensitive nuclear arranges
• 1 Shift of operations to French Polynesia
• 1 SIGINT
• 1 Sir William Cook
• 1 Sir William Penny
• 1 Site construction
• 1 Skybolt
• 1 Small yield
• 1 Social Democratic Party
• 1 Soviet anti-nuclear propaganda measures
• 1 Soviet assault
• 4 Soviet espionage
• 1 Soviet intentions and capabilities
• 1 Soviet propaganda charges
• 1 Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia
• 5 Soviet Union
• 1 Spain
• 1 Spanish National Geographic Institute
• 1 Spy ship
• 2 Spy ships
• 1 St. Louis Institute
• 1 Storage capacity
• 1 Storage of nuclear weapons
• 1 Storage of nuclear weapons for Netherlands
• 1 Storage rights
• 2 Strategic Air Command
• 1 Strategic bombers
• 1 Strategic nuclear systems
• 1 Strike aircraft
• 1 Studies in Intelligence
• 1 Submarine-launched missiles
• 1 Successful explosion
• 3 Successful nuclear test
• 2 Successful test
• 1 Supply flights
• 1 Supply of enriched uranium
• 1 Support flights over Panama
• 10 Sweden
• 2 Swedish defense posture
• 1 Swedish government
• 1 Swedish military
• 1 Swiss companies
• 1 Swiss military
• 1 Swiss neutrality
• 1 Switzerland
• 1 Tactical nuclear missiles
• 3 Tactical nuclear weapons
• 1 Targeting of missiles
• 1 Task force
• 1 Technical difficulties
• 1 Technical problems
• 1 Termination of testing
• 1 Terrorism
• 3 Test delays
• 3 Test report
• 2 Tests back on schedule
• 1 Tests cancelled
• 4 Test schedule
• 1 Test schedules
• 1 Test site
• 1 Theater nuclear forces
• 1 Theft of nuclear device
• 1 The Netherlands
• 1 Theoretical weapons research
• 1 Thermonuclear materials
• 14 Thermonuclear weapons
• 1 Thermonuclear weapons development
• 1 Third Air Force
• 1 Third World
• 1 Thor missiles
• 1 Threat of seizure of weapons
• 4 Thule Air Base
• 1 Tower shot
• 1 Training
• 1 Transfer of nuclear weapons
• 1 Transportation problems
• 1 Transport of bombs
• 1 Trigger nuclear war
• 1 Troop dispositions
• 1 Troop movements
• 1 Tuamoto
• 1 Tuamotu Archipelago
• 9 Turkey
• 1 Turkish army
• 1 Turkish General Staff
• 5 U.S. assistance
• 3 U.S. government policy
• 1 U.S. Navy
• 2 U.S. nuclear assistance
• 3 U.S. nuclear policy
• 1 U.S. nuclear stockpile
• 2 U.S. policy
• 1 U.S. refusal to sell advanced computers
• 2 U.S. submarine detected off Mururoa by French
• 6 UK Foreign Office
• 1 UK-US special relationship
• 1 UK will stay in nuclear weapons business
• 1 UN debate on Algeria
• 24 Underground
• 1 Underground testing
• 1 UN General Assembly
• 1 United Nations
• 1 United Nations General Assembly
• 6 Upcoming nuclear test
• 4 Uranium
• 8 Uranium enrichment
• 1 Uranium isotopes
• 2 Uranium supplies
• 1 Uranium supply to Israel
• 1 USAEC
• 1 US and NATO strategy
• 1 US asked France not to sell
• 1 US assistance to French ballistic missile program
• 1 US assistance to French nuclear program
• 1 Use by French forces
• 2 Use of Nandi airfield
• 1 US nuclear relationships with France
• 1 USS BELMONT
• 2 USSR
• 1 US surveillance of French nuclear testing activities
• 1 US-UK intelligence conference
• 1 UTA transport flights carrying weapons components
• 1 Visit of Charles De Gaulle
• 1 Visits
• 1 Warnings to ships and aircraft
• 1 Warsaw Pact
• 1 Warsaw Pact nuclear doctrine
• 1 Wartime intelligence requirements
• 1 Wartime preparations
• 2 WC-135 reconnaissance aircraft
• 1 Weapons
• 1 Weapons components being shipped by air via Panama
• 1 Weapons-grade uranium
• 1 Weapons research and development
• 1 Weather data
• 1 We do not trust them
• 1 Western alliance and NATO
• 3 Western Europe
• 1 Western European brokers exploiting situation
• 1 West German companies
• 7 West Germany
• 1 Wide political support
• 1 Will not ask for U.S. assistance
• 2 Withdrawal from NATO
• 1 Withdrawal of French technicians
• 1 Withdrawal of USS BELMONT
• 1 World opposition
• 3 Yield estimate
• 1 Yugoslavia